Common use
Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used primarily to treat and prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). It works by interfering with bacterial enzymes, damaging the bacteria's DNA and killing them. The drug is effective against most common urinary pathogens, including E. coli. It is not suitable for infections outside the urinary tract.

Dosage and direction
Nitrofurantoin is typically taken orally with food to improve absorption and reduce stomach upset. The dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient’s age and kidney function. It is important to complete the full course even if symptoms improve early. Always follow your doctor's instructions carefully.

Precautions
Before using nitrofurantoin, inform your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver problems, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Prolonged use may lead to peripheral neuropathy or lung toxicity. Drink plenty of fluids during treatment to help flush out the bacteria. The medication may turn urine a dark yellow or brown color — this is harmless.

Contraindications
Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with significant renal impairment (creatinine clearance <60 mL/min), late pregnancy (at term), or a history of hypersensitivity to the drug. It should not be used in neonates under one month of age. Patients with G6PD deficiency are at risk of hemolytic anemia. Use during the last weeks of pregnancy is not recommended.

Possible side effect
Common side effects include nausea, headache, loss of appetite, and flatulence. Some patients may experience dizziness or drowsiness. Serious side effects such as lung inflammation, liver damage, or nerve pain are rare but require immediate attention. Allergic reactions and skin rashes may also occur.

Drug interaction
Nitrofurantoin may interact with antacids containing magnesium trisilicate, which can reduce its absorption. It should also be used cautiously with drugs that affect kidney function. Concurrent use with probenecid or sulfinpyrazone may increase nitrofurantoin levels, raising the risk of toxicity. Always tell your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking.

Missed dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is nearly time for your next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Try to take the medication at evenly spaced intervals. Skipping doses can reduce its effectiveness.

Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and gastric irritation. In severe cases, nerve damage or lung issues could occur. Seek emergency medical attention immediately. Treatment is generally supportive, with monitoring of kidney and liver function.

Storage
Store nitrofurantoin at room temperature away from light and moisture. Keep the bottle tightly closed and out of reach of children. Do not store in the bathroom. Discard any unused medication after the expiration date.

Disclaimer

We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. The specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.